Social Facilitation and Social Loafing
사회적 촉진과 사회적 태만
A dual social psychology paradigm explaining that the mere presence of others enhances performance on simple tasks (social facilitation), but decreases individual exertion when pooled in collective group tasks (social loafing).
| Field | Psychology · Management |
|---|---|
| Level of analysis | Micro · Individual |
| Paradigm | Behaviorism Cognitivism |
| Key figures | 👤 Robert Zajonc (로버트 자용치) 👤 Bibb Latané (비브 라타네) |
| Year | 1965 |
Key Claims
Robert Zajonc resolved contradictory audience effects by demonstrating that co-presence increases physiological arousal, facilitating dominant well-learned responses. Concurrently, Bibb Latané formalized Social Loafing: when individual outputs are pooled, reduced evaluation apprehension causes workers to shirk.
Further Reading
- Zajonc, R. B. (1965). Social facilitation. Science, 149(3681), 269–274.
- Latané, B., Williams, K., & Harkins, S. (1979). Many hands make light the work: The causes and consequences of social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(6), 822–832.
Related theories 2개
A foundational theoretical framework in psychology addressing Groupthink at the meso level of analysis.
A robust social psychology phenomenon demonstrating that individuals are significantly less likely to offer help to a victim when other bystanders are present, driven by diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance.