Bystander Effect and Diffusion of Responsibility
방관자 효과
A robust social psychology phenomenon demonstrating that individuals are significantly less likely to offer help to a victim when other bystanders are present, driven by diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance.
| Field | Psychology · Sociology |
|---|---|
| Level of analysis | Micro · Individual |
| Paradigm | Cognitivism Symbolic Interactionism |
| Key figures | 👤 John Darley (존 달리) 👤 Bibb Latané (비브 라타네) |
| Year | 1968 |
Key Claims
John Darley and Bibb Latané proved that emergency intervention is inhibited by group size. Bystanders experience diffusion of responsibility (assuming others will act) and pluralistic ignorance (interpreting others’ calm demeanor as a cue of safety), drastically lowering individual helping.
Further Reading
- Darley, J. M., & Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8(4), 377–383.
- Latané, B., & Darley, J. M. (1970). The Unresponsive Bystander: Why Doesn’t He Help?. Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Related theories 3개
A foundational theoretical framework in psychology addressing Conformity Research at the micro level of analysis.
A foundational theoretical framework in psychology addressing Group Polarization at the meso level of analysis.
A dual social psychology paradigm explaining that the mere presence of others enhances performance on simple tasks (social facilitation), but decreases individual exertion when pooled in collective group tasks (social loafing).