Spinoza's Substance Monism: Deus Sive Natura
스피노자의 일원론과 신즉자연
A monumental rationalist metaphysical monism stating that there is only one infinite substance—God or Nature (*Deus sive Natura*)—whose modes constitute all physical minds and bodies striving via *conatus*.
| Field | Philosophy |
|---|---|
| Level of analysis | Macro · Structures & Institutions |
| Paradigm | Rational Choice Systems Theory |
| Key figures | 👤 Baruch Spinoza (바뤼흐 스피노자) |
| Year | 1677 |
Key Claims
Baruch Spinoza formulated radical pantheist monism: God and Nature are identical (Deus sive Natura), possessing infinite attributes including Thought and Extension. Human beings are modes of this single substance; true ethical freedom arises not from illusory free will, but from intellectual love of God (comprehending natural necessity).
Further Reading
- Spinoza, B. (1677). Ethica, ordine geometrico demonstrata.
Related theories 2개
A seminal rationalist epistemological principle establishing that while all sensory perceptions can be systematically doubted, the existence of the doubting thinking subject is undeniable (*Cogito, ergo sum*).
A dialectical metaphysical and historical framework asserting that consciousness, society, and freedom unfold through contradictory agonistic stages (thesis-antithesis-synthesis / Aufheben), culminating in absolute spirit.